Justice Robert H. The Nuremberg Trials. List of Judges. List of Chief Prosecutors. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin stating: "The United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union have received from many quarters evidence of atrocities, massacres and cold-blooded mass executions which are being perpetrated by Hitlerite forces in many of the countries they have overrun.
List of Defendants. List of Organizations. The Trial Between November 20, to October 1, , the Tribunal tried 24 of the most important military and political leaders of the Third Reich and heard evidence against 21 of the defendants. Verdict and Executions On October 1, , the Tribunal convicted 19 of the defendants and acquitted three. List of Executions. Subsequent Nuremberg Trials From December to April , a series of twelve additional military tribunals for war crimes against Nazi Germany leaders were held by the United States in the Palace of Justice.
Additional Nuremberg Trials. Related Content Content type - Any -. There was an oppressive atmosphere during the trial. The atmosphere was very serious, quiet, and oppressive. But the evidence presented changed that. The court showed films of mountains of corpses from concentration camps like Auschwitz. None of the defendants would admit their personal guilt. Hardly anyone showed remorse or admitted knowing about massacres and extermination camps.
Almost all of the defendants denied the court's authority, accusing it of being no more than "victor's justice. Courtroom in the Nuremberg Palace of Justice was the site of the famous Nuremberg trials, a series of military tribunals that took place between November 20, and October 1, The trials, held by Allied officials, prosecuted high-ranking Nazis and collaborators responsible for the Holocaust and other war crimes.
Allied powers chose the site because it was within the US occupation zone, it had not sustained too much damage during the war and it had an adjacent prison to hold inmates. But it was also chosen for Nuremberg's symbolic role as the "City of Nazi Party Rallies" and as the place where the Nazis' race laws persecuting German Jews were announced. Several members of the Nazi leadership were tried in the famous hall. All three were convicted for their crimes. Following the end of the trials in October, , the courtroom was used for a separate war-crimes trial held before US officials.
Known as the Doctors' trials, the cases prosecuted 23 individuals, mostly medics, for horrific medical experiments on, and murders of, concentration camp prisoners, among other crimes. Those convicted were hanged. In June, , the courtroom was officially given back to justice officials in the southern state of Bavaria and continued to be used for trials. In , the City Museum of Nuremberg began offering weekend guided tours of the hall. The visits drew a large number of tourists, but they were stopped in due to construction of the Memorium Nuremberg Trials.
On February 20, courtroom held its last trial. A man was sentenced to over two years in prison for trying to strangle his wife. Now, the historic room will become part of the permanent exhibition of the Memorium Nuremberg Trials museum. The courtroom leaves a lasting legacy as the start of international criminal law and the first step towards the creation of the International Criminal Court. But these reservations do not make "the prosecution of German crimes illegitimate," says Safferling.
Moreover, would the Germans, liberated as much as they were defeated, have been either practically or morally capable of judging their compatriots? With these Nazi leaders, who all still knew each other, who had appeared at the Reich Party Congress and had all shouted 'Sieg Heil. In terms of organization, the trial surpassed everything that had ever been possible before: In trial days, the court heard witnesses and examined more than , affidavits.
Taylor, Telford. New York: Knopf, T39 [ Find in a library near you ]. Personal memoir of the Nuremberg Trial written by the chief American prosecutor. Focuses primarily on the legal aspects of the Trial, and the lives of and conflicts between the lawyers.
Analyzes the arguments made and the legal consequences of the trial. Bard, Mitchell, editor. N87 [ Find in a library near you ]. Presents translated excerpts of primary source documentation from all aspects of the IMT, including preparation for the trial, the prosecution arguments, and the verdicts. Part of the History Firsthand series. Jackson, Robert H. New York: Cooper Square Publishers, J [ Find in a library near you ]. Contains selected statements by Jackson made in relation to his role at Nuremberg.
Includes his report to the President, in which he summarizes his actions in relation to the trial, the opening statement for the United States, the closing address, and several cross-examinations and arguments. Marrus, Michael R. Boston: Bedford Books, Collection of translated excerpts from official documents, letters, and testimony transcripts outlining the history of the Nuremberg trial.
Contains extensive quotations from the Trial and the texts of final statements made by Nuremberg defendants. Robinson, Jacob, and Henry Sachs. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, Reference KZ R63 [ Find in a library near you ]. Digest of the court documents used in the Nuremberg Trial. Includes for each document the court code number, the date the document was written, and a brief annotation.
Organized both by court number and by date. Contains no actual documents, but is useful for locating documents in other sources. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, A44 [ Find in a library near you ]. Collection of declassified policy memoranda, telephone conversations, notes between government officials, and policy directives produced by the United States government concerning the structure and purpose of the Nuremberg Trial. Includes an introduction to each chronological section providing background information.
Stipp, John L. D48 [ Find in a library near you ]. The documents are edited, condensed, and annotated. Explore our comprehensive entries on the events, people, and places of the Holocaust. Learn More. Video Collection [ Find in a library near you ]. Collection of documentary films produced by the United States Department of the Army.
The film Nuremberg combines historical footage of film actually shown as evidence against the defendants and interweaves the trial sequences to match the four counts of the indictments. Lest We Forget! Documents the Nuremberg trials and graphically illustrates the mass destruction of Jews and other people of Europe.
Produced in Germany in by the United States Army to demonstrate to the German people the full extent of Nazi brutality. Also includes an original Nazi newsreel on the Nazi Luftwaffe. Narrated in English. Nuremberg [videorecording]. Documentary record of the trials of the Nazi leaders at Nuremberg. Includes scenes from films made by the Nazis which were presented as the documentary evidence of the atrocities committed at concentration camps.
The Nuremberg Trial [videorecording]. New York: Court TV, Documents the background and conduct of the trial. Includes footage of the concentration camp atrocities that were presented as evidence. Soviet-produced documentary of the trial of Nazi war criminals. Focuses primarily on Soviet participation in the trials. Also includes historical footage of the Soviet Union before the German invasion. Nuremberg: Tyranny on Trial [videorecording]. DVD Collection [ Find in a library near you ].
Holocaust Encyclopedia: War Crimes Trials. Overview essays describing the trials of Nazi leaders after the war.
Includes links to articles on particular trials. Article describing the creation of the IMT and the trial itself. Includes links to related Web sites. Special section of the Museum site featuring essays, photographs, and testimonies marking the 60th anniversary of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. Ask at the reference desk to see the subject file labeled Nuremberg Trials International Military Tribunal containing newspaper and periodical articles.
To search library catalogs or other electronic search tools for materials on the Nuremberg trials or related topics, use the following Library of Congress subject headings to retrieve the most relevant citations. Ask a librarian for assistance in using subject headings to help with your research. See all Bibliographies. The ceremony at the US Capitol, featuring a candle-lighting and names reading, is happening now. Join us right now to watch a live interview with a survivor, followed by a question-and-answer session.
The Museum's commemoration ceremony, including remarks by the German ambassador and a Holocaust survivor, is happening now. What is Genocide? Key Videos Podcasts and Audio. Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial What is Antisemitism? Seven Nazi organizations also were indicted. The Nuremberg Trial lasted from November to October Three defendants were found not guilty, one committed suicide prior to trial, and one did not stand trial due to physical or mental illness.
The Soviet Union did not sign the declaration because it did not declare war on Japan until weeks later, on the same day that the United States dropped the second atomic bomb at Nagasaki. Japan surrendered six days later, on August 14, At the subsequent Moscow Conference, held in December , the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States with concurrence from China agreed to a basic structure for the occupation of Japan.
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