Italian is recognized as a minority language in the Croatian Constitution. Italian native speakers make up only 0. The largest group of native Italian speakers is found in Istria County, where they make up 6 percent of the population. In Istria, Italian is used alongside Croatian as the official languages.
Some schools in the county teach Italian, and there is an Italian daily newspaper known as La Voce del Popolo. Croatia hosts slightly more than 6, Czechs who are largely found in Bjelovar-Bilogora County. Czechs use their native language in official matters, as well as the Croatian language. The Czech Ambassador to Croatia was among the top campaigners for the protection of minority languages.
The Republic of Croatia recognizes the importance of using different languages in an official capacity, as well as in schools and the media. Minority languages bring diversity to Croatia and open the country to numerous opportunities. Additionally, protection of minority languages in Croatia's constitution has led to unity and harmony in Croatia. Most immigrants appreciate that their native languages are recognized as official languages in Croatia. The flag of Croatia.
Joyce Chepkemoi August 1 in Society. All About the "Stan" Countries. Most Dangerous Countries For Women. Ethnologue estimates that about 4 million people worldwide speak Croatian in Croatia, and 5. In , Croatian scholars and writers issued the Declaration Concerning the Name and Status of the Literary Language , calling for wider use of Croatian in public life. In , the Yugoslav constitution allowed each republic to identify its own official language.
The dialect picture of Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian is quite complex and is shared by all three languages. The major dialectal difference is based on the pronunciation of the initial consonant in the word for what. The primary subdivisions of Shtokavian are based on two principles: one is whether the subdialect is Old Shtokavian or Neo-Shtokavian, and different accents according to the way the old Slavic phoneme jat has changed. Linguists distinguish seven Shtokavian subdialects.
Croatian has 25 consonant phonemes, i. The consonants of Croatian are given in the table below. Like all Slavic languages, Croatian allows a variety of consonant clusters. These are either all voiced or all voiceless. The last consonant in the cluster determines whether the entire cluster is voiced or voiceless.
This rule does not apply to nasals , laterals , or rhotics. Croatian has a pitch stress. Monosyllabic words always have a falling tone. Words with two or more syllables may also have a falling tone, but with the exception of foreign borrowings and interjections only on the first syllable. However, they may instead have a rising tone, on any syllable but the last.
The final syllable is never stressed. Some loanwords may not have a standard placement of stress. Croatian nouns are marked for gender, number, and case. The three are fused into one ending, as is the case in all Slavic languages.
Croatian verbs agree with their subjects in person and number in the non-past, and in gender and number in the past. They are marked for the following categories:. The neutral word order in Croatian is Subject-Verb-Object. However, other orders are possible since inflectional endings take care of clearly marking grammatical relations and roles in the sentence. Word order is principally determined by topic what the sentence is about, or old information and focus new information.
Constituents with old information precede constituents with new information, or those that carry the most emphasis. The differences between Croatian on the one hand and Serbian and Bosnian on the other, are mostly lexical, even though the bulk of the vocabulary comes from a common Slavic stock.
Croatian has preserved more native Slavic words, while Serbian, and to some extent Bosnian, have borrowed more from Russian and Western European languages. For instance, hile Serbian and Bosnian borrowed the names from Western European languages, Croatian uses inherently Slavic words, e. The original alphabet used by both the Serbs and Croats was Glagolitic. It was created by the monks Cyril and Methodius in the 9th century for Old Church Slavonic, the liturgical language of the time.
In the Orthodox areas of Serbia and Bosnia, Glagolitic was replaced by the Cyrillic alphabet in the 12th century. The Cyrillic alphabet along with the Latin alphabet, which was adopted in Catholic areas was reformed by linguists in the 19th century to create a greater one-to-one correspondence between sounds and letters as well as between the symbols in the Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The two alphabets map quite well onto each other.
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